Gallbladder (daga Latin vesica biliaris) yana aiki a matsayin wurin ajiyar bile, wani ruwa mai rawaya mai danko wanda hanta ke ɓoye kuma wanda ke cikin tsarin narkewa.

Gallbladder yana gefen dama na ciki. Karamar jaka ce mai siffar pear da aka samu a gindin hanta. Koren launi kuma tare da bangon bakin ciki, yana auna matsakaita 7 zuwa 12 cm tsayi. Ya ƙunshi matsakaicin 50 ml na bile. A ƙananan ƙarshensa, duct ɗin cystic yana haɗuwa da duct na hanta na yau da kullum don samar da bile duct na kowa. Ta wannan bututun ne bile ke kwarara zuwa cikin duodenum, bangaren farko na karamin hanji wanda ke bin ciki.

Bile ya ƙunshi musamman ruwa, bile salts, bilirubin (launi sakamakon lalacewa na haemoglobin kuma wanda ke ba da bile launin rawaya mai launin kore), cholesterol da phospholipids. Bile salts da phospholipids ne kawai ke shiga cikin tsarin narkewa. Ko da yake ba ya ƙunshi enzymes, bile yana iya, godiya ga salts, don rage girman kitsen globules, sabili da haka don sauƙaƙe aikin enzymes masu narkewa.

Halin gallbladder ya dogara ne akan yanayin duodenum. Lokacin da wannan ya zama fanko, bile ya sake komawa cikin duct na cystic don adanawa a cikin gallbladder. Na karshen yana maida hankali kan bile ta hanyar shayar da ruwansa, don haka zai sa aikin gishirin bile na gaba ya fi tasiri. Lokacin da abinci mai kitse ya shiga cikin duodenum, fitowar cholecystokinin, wani hormone da hanji ke samarwa, yana haifar da gallbladder, wanda sai ya fitar da bile zuwa cikin duct na kowa. Ƙarshen yana haɗuwa a ƙofar duodenum ta hanyar pancreatic duct (kamar yadda sunansa ya nuna yana fitowa daga pancreas), wanda ke dauke da enzymes na narkewa, don zama kwan fitila na hepato-pancreatic. Da zarar a cikin ƙananan hanji, bile da ruwan 'ya'yan itace na pancreatic suna fara rushewar sinadarai na abinci.

Biliary lithiasis : samuwar duwatsu a cikin gallbladder ko cikin bile ducts. Waɗannan duwatsun, kama da ƙananan tsakuwa, galibi sun ƙunshi cholesterol ɗin crystallized. Siffarsu, girmansu da adadinsu sun bambanta daga mutum zuwa mutum. Ko da yake gabaɗaya suna da kyau, waɗannan duwatsun na iya toshe ɗigon bile na cystic da na kowa, sabili da haka fitowar bile zuwa duodenum. A wannan yanayin, batun yana da biliary colic wanda zai iya wuce har zuwa 4 hours.

Ƙananan tsakuwar haƙori suna da tasirin rage gudu daga bile wanda daga nan sai ya yi kasala har sai ya zama abin da ake kira bile sludge, wanda kuma ake samu a wasu masu fama da cutar AIDS (3).

Wani bincike na 4 (2001) ya ba da damar gano kwayoyin cututtuka na lithiasis a cikin mice, don haka yana nuna yiwuwar asalin kwayoyin halitta zuwa wannan ilimin cututtuka. Bugu da kari, wasu kabilu, irin su Indiyawan Arewacin Amurka, da alama sun fi kamuwa da cutar lithiasis.

A kowane zamani, kiba kuma shine ƙara haɗarin haɓakar gallstones. A cikin bincike na 5 (2012) na mutane 510 masu shekaru 000 zuwa 9, an gano cewa yara masu kiba sun ninka yawan kamuwa da cutar gallstone, yayin da hadarin ya ninka sau takwas. batutuwa masu tsananin kiba.

Gabaɗaya, mata sun fi maza fallasa ga waɗannan duwatsun gall. Wasu halaye na iya ƙara haɗarin haɓaka duwatsu.

Cutar Cholecystitis : kumburin gallbladder, wanda zai iya kasancewa tare da kamuwa da cuta. Yawanci yana faruwa ne saboda kasancewar duwatsu a cikin gallbladder ko kuma bile duct na kowa.

Porcelain vesicle : bayan cholecystitis, calcium na iya haɗawa da bangon gallbladder, wanda ya taurare. Maganar tana da abin da ake kira porcelain vesicle.

Cholestatic jaundice : Lokacin da ducts na gallbladder suka toshe, bile yana komawa cikin jini. Yayin da ba a fitar da bilirubin a cikin stool, sai ya zama mara launi, yayin da fata ta zama rawaya kadan. A lokaci guda, matakin bilirubin na fitsari yana ƙaruwa, wanda ke haifar da fitsari mai duhu. Waɗannan su ne alamun jaundice na cholestatic.

Choledocal cysts : sune kumburin bile ducts. Cutar da ke samuwa daga haihuwa, tana ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da ciwon daji na gallbladder.

Mahaukaciyar pancreatic-biliary junction Anomaly na haifuwa na haɗin gwiwa tsakanin bile na gama gari da ducts na pancreatic. A wannan yanayin, enzymes da pancreas ke samarwa ba zai iya isa duodenum ba. Sannan suna iya haifar da haushin gallbladder.

Gallbladder cancer : Kamar yadda yake tare da cholecystitis, bayyanar ciwon daji na gallbladder yana da fifiko ga gallstones. Cutar sankarau da ba kasafai ba a Faransa, tana shafar mata da suka haura shekaru 70. Yawancin lokaci ana gano shi a makare idan ya yadu zuwa gabobin da ke makwabtaka da shi, wani lokacin yana tare da ciwon ciki, amai da kuma rashin ci. Dole ne a yi la'akari da abubuwan kabilanci don tantance abin da ya faru. Bayyanawa zuwa Thorotrast (9) (matsalar bambanci da aka yi amfani da ita a baya a cikin hoton likita) kuma yana ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da ciwon daji na gallbladder.

Lokacin da duwatsu ba a ƙididdige su ba kuma ba su wuce ƙayyadaddun girman ba, magani don narkar da su, kamar Actigall, yana yiwuwa. Ablation, wanda ba shi da tasiri na gaske a kullum, ya kasance al'ada a lokuta na gallstones.

Abinci na iya rinjayar samuwar gallstones. Abincin calorie mai yawa yana kula da inganta bayyanar su, yayin da abinci mai arziki a cikin fiber kayan lambu yana rage wannan kashi. A cikin yanayin bayyanar farko na duwatsu, daidaitawar salon rayuwa (raguwa a cikin amfani da mai, sukari, mai kyau hydration, aikin jiki na yau da kullum, da dai sauransu) na iya sauƙaƙe kowane ciwo da sauri.

Wasu cututtuka na hanji, irin su cutar Crohn, na iya ninka ko ma ninka yawan duwatsun gallstone (10).

Duban dan tayi na ciki: jarrabawa mafi sauƙi da sauri don gano gallstones. Yana iya gano 90% na lissafin. Yana da alaƙa da nazarin halittu (gwajin jini da nazarin bilirubin) don ƙididdige mahimmancin lamarin.

Echo-endoscopy: wannan gwajin na mintuna ashirin yana ba ku damar lura da ciki na gallbladder da kuma nazarin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ƙari.

Cire gallbladder (ko cholecystectomy): Tiyatar da za a iya yi don magance gallstones na gallbladder ko bile duct na yau da kullun idan an haɗa shi da ciwo mai tsanani.

A cikin Antiquity, Galen ya haɓaka ka'idar raha guda huɗu (11) bisa ga ma'auni na raha (jini, bile rawaya, bile baƙar fata, phlegm) yana tafiyar da lafiyar hankali da lafiyar mutum. Dutsen marmara mai launin rawaya yana haɗuwa da fushi, yayin da baƙar fata bile yana haifar da damuwa da bakin ciki. Na karshen ya kasance, a cikin tunani, alhakin damuwa da mugunta. Daga wannan ka'idar Hellenanci ne kalmar "zama bile" (12) ta zo.