description
Giya - abin sha giya, wanda aka yi ta hanyar ƙona malt wort tare da yisti da hops. Mafi yawan hatsin malt shine sha'ir. Dangane da nau'in giya, ƙarfin abin sha na iya bambanta daga 3 zuwa kusan 14.
Wannan abin sha yana daya daga cikin mashahuran abubuwan sha kuma yana matsayi na uku a duniya. A cikin Babban jerin abubuwan sha, yana bin ruwa da shayi. Akwai Beers sama da 1000 daban -daban. Sun bambanta da launi, ɗanɗano, abun cikin barasa, sinadaran asali, da al'adun dafa abinci a ƙasashe daban -daban.
Samar da giya
Manyan masu samar da giya sune Jamus, Ireland, Czech Republic, Brazil, Austria, Japan, Russia, Finland, Poland.
Asalin masanan abin sha na nufin farkon noman hatsi - kusan 9500 BC. Wasu masana ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi suna da ƙaƙƙarfan ra'ayi cewa mutane sun fara shuka iri ba don burodi ba amma don giya ne. An samo farkon burbushin abin sha a Iran, Tun daga shekaru 3.5-3.1 shekaru BC. Har ila yau, an ambaci giya a cikin rubuce-rubucen Mesopotamian da na tsohuwar Masar. Abin sha ya shahara a tsohuwar China, tsohuwar Rome, kabilun Vikings, Celts, Jamus. A waccan lokacin, fasahar shirya abin sha na da matukar amfani, kuma suna adana abin sha na dogon lokaci.
Inganta fasahar samar da giya ya faru a karni na 8 saboda godiya ga sufaye na Turai waɗanda suka fara amfani da hops a matsayin masu kiyayewa. Na dogon lokaci, giya ta zama abin sha ga matalauta. Saboda haka, yana da ƙarancin matsayi. Don kasancewa a cikin ruwa ko ta yaya, masu kamfanin Breweries a layi daya tare da samar da babban abin sha wanda aka saki da cider. Koyaya, godiya ga binciken Emil Christian Hansen don cire nau'in yisti don giya, masana'antar ta fara haɓaka cikin sauri, don haka kawo giya zuwa sabon matakin zamantakewar.
Giya iri-iri
Rarraba kayan giya babu su. Marubutan Amurka da na Turai suna da tsarin alamun su, wanda ke aiwatar da rarrabuwa. Don haka giya ta raba ta:
- Kiwo. Ana yin giya bisa sha'ir, alkama, hatsin rai, shinkafa, masara, ayaba, madara, tattara ganyaye, dankali, da sauran kayan marmari, da haɗa abubuwa da yawa.
- Lorolor. Dogaro da dusar ƙanƙara a cikin asalin wort, giya tana da haske, fari, ja, da duhu.
- Technology fasaha ta tilas ferment. Rarrabewa da ƙasa-fermented. A cikin sha'anin farko ana yin aikin ɓarke a ƙananan yanayin zafi (5-15 ° C) kuma na biyu a sama (15-25 ° C).
- ƙarfin. A cikin hanyoyin gargajiya na giya, ƙarfin abin sha bai kai fiye da kusan 14. Yawancin Beers suna da ƙarfi 3-5,5. - haske da kusan 6-8. - karfi. Hakanan akwai giya maras giya. Koyaya, don kawar da giya kwata-kwata, baza ku iya ba, saboda haka ƙarfin wannan abin sha yana daga 0.2 - 1.0 vol.
- Iri-iri a wajen rarrabuwa. Wadannan nau'ikan sun hada da Pilsner, dako, lager, Dunkel, kölsch, altbier, lambic, tushen giya, Bock-bier da sauran su.
Tsarin aiki
Tsarin giya yana da rikitarwa kuma ya haɗa da matakai da matakai da yawa. Babban su ne:
- Shiri na malt (hatsi) ta hanyar tohuwa, bushewa, da tsabtace ƙwayoyin cuta.
- Murkushe malt da kara ruwa a kai.
- Rabuwa da wort ta hanyar tace hatsin da aka kashe da wanda ba a rufe shi ba.
- Cook da wort tare da hops na 1-2 hours.
- Bayyanawa ta hanyar raba ragowar hops da hatsi waɗanda ba a narkar da su ba.
- Sanyawa a cikin tankunan ferment.
- Ferment lokacin da kuka ƙara yisti.
- Tace daga ragowar yisti.
- Ana yin aikin narkar da fastour ne kawai a cikin masana'antar wasu nau'ikan giya don haɓaka rayuwar rayuwa.
Abubuwan da suke shiryawa a cikin kwalba, ƙarfe, gilashi da kwalaben roba, da gwangwani.
Amfanin giya
Giya a zamanin da, mutane suna ɗaukar sa a matsayin abin sha mai warkarwa don cututtuka da yawa. Amma mafi girman amfani da abin shan magani shi ne saboda farfesa Bajamushe Robert Koch, wanda ya bayyana wakilin kwalara da mummunan tasirin abin sha akan sa. A wancan zamanin, cutar kwalara cuta ce da ta zama ruwan dare a Turai, musamman a manyan biranen da ingancin ruwan sha bai fi kyau ba. Mafi yawan lafiya da aminci shine shan giya fiye da ruwa.
Saboda ana yin giya musamman daga hatsi ta hanyar ƙonawa, ya ƙunshi bitamin da ma'adanai da ke cikin hatsi. Don haka yana dauke da bitamin B1, B2, B6, H, C, K, nicotinic, citric, folic, Pantothenic acid; ma'adanai - potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, calcium.
Matsakaicin amfani da abin sha yana da tasiri mai kyau akan hanyoyin rayuwa, yana rage haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya da cututtukan zuciya, kuma yana nuna gishiri na aluminium, yawan wuce kima a cikin jiki wanda zai iya haifar da cutar Alzheimer.
A lokacin zafi, giya kyakkyawar ƙishirwa ce. Hakanan, wasu Giya sune abubuwan alkaline, abubuwa masu lalata duwatsun koda. Giya na taimakawa wajen dawo da fure na ciki bayan an sha magani mai tsawo tare da maganin rigakafi.
Abubuwan farin ciki a cikin giya suna da tasiri mai kwantar da hankali, suna kunna glandon ciki na ciki, kuma suna hana ci gaban ƙwayoyin cuta masu ɓarna a cikin hanji.
Jiyya
A cikin girke -girke na magungunan mutane, yana da kyau a cikin cututtukan makogwaro da bututu na mashako ta amfani da giya preheated (200 g) tare da narkar da zuma (1 tbsp). Sha wannan abin sha kafin lokacin kwanta barci a cikin ƙananan sips don ruwan ya daidaita cikin makogwaro, dumama da rufe shi.
Saboda babban abun ciki na bitamin b, yana da tasiri mai kyau akan fata.
Amfani da abin rufe fuska bisa giya yana rage yawan wrinkles kuma yana sanya fatar ta zama taushi, na roba, da siliki. Maski yana ƙarfafa pores, yana cire Haske, yana ƙaruwa da jini.
A cikin wankan da aka zuba akan duwatsu, giya tana samar da numfashi mai tururi, wanda zai iya taimakawa tari da hana mura.
Zaka iya amfani da giya azaman kwandishan don gashi. Zai ba gashi laushi, Haskaka kuma ya kawar da alamun farko na dandruff.
Haɗarin da haɗarin
Yawan shan wannan abin zai iya haifar da abin da ake kira “giya giya.”
Hakanan, amfani da tsari na yawan giya yana haifar da ƙarin lodi a jijiyoyin, yana haifar da zuciya don fara aiki. Bayan haka, wannan na iya haifar da miƙawa na tsokar zuciya da kuma fitar da shi gaba ɗaya daga cikin jinin ventricular.
Giya tana dauke da sinadarai wadanda ke karfafa samar da homonin jima'i na mace, wanda ke haifar da canje-canje a siffofin maza a cikin nonon da ke zubewa da kuma kara karfin cinyoyi.
Tare da yawan amfani da giya, mutum ya rasa ikon shakatawa da nutsuwa. Wannan saboda yanayin nutsuwa ne na hops.
Ba a ba da shawarar shan giya ga mata masu ciki, masu shayarwa, da yara har zuwa shekaru 18.
Abubuwa masu amfani da haɗari na sauran abubuwan sha: