Dangane da manufarta, Hukumar Edita ta MedTvoiLokony tana yin kowane ƙoƙari don samar da ingantaccen abun ciki na likita wanda ke da goyan bayan sabon ilimin kimiyya. Ƙarin tuta “Abin da aka Duba” yana nuna cewa likita ne ya duba labarin ko kuma ya rubuta kai tsaye. Wannan tabbacin mataki biyu: ɗan jarida na likita da likita ya ba mu damar samar da mafi kyawun abun ciki daidai da ilimin likita na yanzu.
An yaba da sadaukarwarmu a wannan yanki, da dai sauransu, ta Ƙungiyar 'Yan Jarida don Lafiya, wadda ta ba Hukumar Edita ta MedTvoiLokony lambar girmamawa ta Babban Malami.
Cutar Alzheimer cuta ce ta neurodegenerative wacce ta fi shafar tsofaffi. Alamun sun haɗa da ciwon hauka na ci gaba, matsalolin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, fushi da kuma sauyin yanayi. Cutar Alzheimer ba ta da magani kuma galibi tana keɓe marasa lafiya daga aiki mai zaman kansa.
Abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar Alzheimer
Abubuwan da ke faruwa na cutar Alzheimer suna da alaƙa da abubuwa daban-daban: kwayoyin halitta, muhalli, da tunani (tsawon aikin tunani yana jinkirta cutar). Ya zuwa yanzu, duk da haka, ba a gano ainihin dalilin cutar Alzheimer ba. Akwai hasashen kimiyya da yawa, gami da canje-canje a cikin DNA wanda zai iya ba da gudummawa ga bayyanar cutar.
Ciwon Alzheimer yana haifar da rikice-rikice, rikice-rikicen fahimi waɗanda ke haifar da rikicewar canjin sigina a cikin tsarin cholinergic na kwakwalwar gaba. Wadannan cututtuka suna haifar da lalacewa na ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na cholinergic (alhakin hankali, tunatarwa). Haka kuma sauran ƙwayoyin jijiyoyin jiki suna lalacewa, waɗanda ke haifar da rashin tausayi, ruɗi, tashin hankali, da halayen batsa.
Hanyar cutar Alzheimer
Babban abin da ke haifar da lalata a cikin cutar Alzheimer shine lalacewa ga ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na cholinergic, duk da haka, farkon amyloid adibas suna bayyana a cikin glutamatergic neurons da ke da alhakin watsawar kwakwalwar kwakwalwa, wanda ke cikin kwakwalwar kwakwalwa da haɗin gwiwa da hippocampus. Waɗannan sifofin kwakwalwa suna da alhakin ƙwaƙwalwa da fahimta. Sannan plaques na tsofaffi suna bayyana a cikin zaruruwan cholinergic da serotonin. Yayin da cutar ta ci gaba, adadin adadin amyloid yana ƙaruwa kuma yana haifar da lalacewa na glutamatergic, cholinergic, serotonin da noradrenergic neurons.
Cutar Alzheimer ta fara ne ba tare da fahimta ba kuma ba ta da daidaitaccen hanya. Yana ɗaukar shekaru 5 zuwa 12. Alamun farko shine ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da rashin jin daɗi (rashin damuwa da tashin hankali na jiki). Sa'an nan, matsaloli tare da sabo da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya mai nisa suna daɗaɗaɗawa, yana sa ba zai yiwu a yi aiki da kansa ba. Marasa lafiyan Alzheimer sun fara samun wahalar magana, magunguna da hangen nesa suna daɗa muni. A cikin cututtukan da ke ci gaba, mai haƙuri ba zai iya gane kowa ba, yana furta kalmomi ɗaya, wani lokacin ba ya magana ko kaɗan. Gabaɗaya, yana kwana a gado kuma baya iya cin abinci da kansa. Yawancin lokaci yakan zama mai rashin tausayi, amma wani lokacin akwai alamun tashin hankali.
Maganin cutar Alzheimer
A cikin alamun bayyanar cututtuka na cutar Alzheimer, ana amfani da nau'o'in kwayoyi daban-daban, ciki har da: procognitive kwayoyi (inganta fahimi damar iya yin komai), kara kwakwalwa metabolism, psychostimulating kwayoyi, inganta cerebral wurare dabam dabam, rage karfin jini, anticoagulants, hana cerebral hypoxia, bitamin, anti-mai kumburi. kwayoyi, magungunan psychotropic.
Abin takaici, har yanzu ba a samar da magani ga abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar Alzheimer ba. Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin warkewa na yau da kullum shine haɓaka ingancin aiki a cikin tsarin cholinergic – mafi tsananin cutar da wannan cuta.
Ganowa a cikin 1986 Neuronal girma factor (NGF) Ya kawo sabon bege ga fitowar sabon magani mai inganci a cikin cututtukan neurodegenerative. NGF yana yin amfani da trophic (yana inganta rayuwa) da kuma triopic (yana haɓaka haɓaka) tasiri akan yawancin ƙwayoyin neuronal, yana hana lalacewa ga ƙwayoyin jijiya. Wannan ya nuna cewa NGF na iya zama ɗan takara mai yiwuwa don maganin cutar Alzheimer. Abin baƙin ciki shine, NGF furotin ne wanda baya ketare shingen jini-kwakwalwa kuma dole ne a gudanar da shi ta intracerebraly. Abin takaici, allurar kai tsaye na NGF cikin ruwa a cikin ventricles na cerebral yana haifar da sakamako masu illa masu yawa
Wasu nazarin kuma sun nuna cewa abubuwa daga rukunin masu hana phosphodiesterase na iya zama magani mai inganci don hana haɓakawa da rage alamun cutar Alzheimer. Kungiyar masu bincike a Jami'ar Columbia, karkashin jagorancin Ottavio Arancio da Michael Shelanski, sun gano cewa magani tare da rolipram (ana amfani da maganin don magance damuwa a wasu ƙasashe) yana inganta ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da fahimta. Bugu da ƙari, wannan magani yana da tasiri ba kawai a farkon matakan cutar ba, har ma a cikin mutanen da ke fama da cutar Alzheimer. Rolipram shine mai hana phosphodiesterase. Phosphodiesterase shine ke da alhakin rushewar siginar kwayoyin cAMP, wanda ke motsa ci gaban nama mai juyayi. Rolipram yana hana rushewar cAMP ta hanyar hana ayyukan phosphodiesterase, wanda ke haifar da cAMP ya taru a cikin nama mai juyayi mai lalacewa. A sakamakon haka, hanyoyin da ake buƙata don sake farfado da ƙwayoyin jijiya da suka lalace na iya faruwa.
Ta hanyar yin amfani da kwakwalwa sosai, muna kare shi daga tsarin neurodegenerative kuma a lokaci guda yana haifar da neurogenesis, ta haka ne ya tsawaita matasan tunaninmu da kuma kara damar da za a iya kasancewa da hankali ga sauran rayuwarmu. Don haka tunani ba kawai rayuwarmu ba, har ma da lafiyarmu.
Kara karantawa game da abinci mai karewa don cutar Alzheimer!
Rubutu: Krzysztof Tokarski, MD, PhD, mai bincike a Cibiyar Nazarin Magunguna na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Poland a Krakow
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