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Barasa ko ruhu (daga lat. ruhu - ruhu) - wani yanki ne wanda yake da nau'ikan aji daban-daban. Mafi shahararrun kuma yaduwa sune ethyl, methyl da kuma karinsali giya Ana iya samun nau'ikan giya iri-iri ba kawai don samu a dakin gwaje-gwaje ba har ma a yanayi.
Suna ƙunshe a cikin ganyen shuke-shuke (misali, methyl), samfuran fermented na halitta ta halitta (ethanol) a cikin mahimman mai. Wasu bitamin suna ajin barasa: A, B8, da D. Barasa a cikin yanayin jiki na yau da kullun yana da launi mai haske, kaifi mai kaifi, da ɗanɗano. Yana da kyawawa mai kyau ga abubuwa masu kitse da mai. Ƙarfin barasa ya bambanta daga 95,57 zuwa kusan 100.
Abin sha wanda ke ɗauke da giya da ɗan adam ya sani tun zamanin da. Akwai shaidar tarihi cewa fiye da shekaru dubu 8 BC, mutane suna amfani da abubuwan sha na 'ya'yan itace masu ƙanshi kuma suna sane da tasirin su a jiki. Masarautar larabawa sun sanya ta farko a cikin ɗumbin yawan abin shan barasa ƙarni 6-7 AD. A cikin Turai, mutane sun samar da ethanol na farko a Italiya a cikin ƙarni na 11 zuwa 12. A kan yankin Daular Rasha, abin shan giya na farko shi ne giya, wanda jakadun Genoese suka kawo a 1386. Koyaya, an samo giya 100% a cikin Rasha ta hanyar gwaje-gwajen sinadarai kawai a cikin 1796 ta mai ilimin sunadarai Ie Lovecam.
Kirkirar masana'antar giya
Akwai manyan hanyoyin masana'antu guda biyu na samar da barasa na ethyl, na roba da na asali. Mafi mashahuri shine hanya ta biyu. A matsayin kayan albarkatun ƙasa, masana'antun suna amfani da 'ya'yan itatuwa, hatsi, dankali, shinkafa, masara, sitaci, sugar cane-raw. Maganin samuwar barasa yana farawa ne kawai a cikin yisti, enzymes, da ƙwayoyin cuta. Tsarin samarwa yana da matakai da yawa:
- zaɓi, wanki, da niƙaƙƙen kayan aiki;
- ragargaza abubuwan sitaci ta ferment zuwa sauki sugars;
- yisti ferment;
- distillation a cikin mataki na sama na shafi;
- tsarkakewar ruwan da aka samu na ruwan-giya daga kazanta da maudu'ai masu nauyi.
A gida, yawan shan giya ba shi yiwuwa a samu.
Ana amfani da giya a cikin masana'antu daban-daban. Sanannen sanannen likita ne, masana'antun kamshi da na masana'antu, abinci, kayan kwalliya, da masana'antar sinadarai.
Amfanin giya
Alkahol yana da adadi mai yawa na amfani da aikace-aikace. Tana da maganin kashe kwari da na turare, wanda aka yi amfani da shi don maganin sinadarai, fata, da hannayen ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya kafin aikin. Hakanan, masana'antun giya suna ƙara matsayin wakili mai lalata kayan aikin iska na wucin gadi kuma suna da mashahuri a matsayin mai narkewa wajen kera magunguna, tinctures, da ruwan 'ya'ya. A masana'antar giya, masana'antun suna amfani da giya don sanya giya da abinci a matsayin mai kiyayewa da narkewar launuka da dandano na ɗabi'a.
A cikin magungunan mutane, suna amfani da goge barasa a cikin zafin jiki mai yawa, matattarar zafi, da yin tinctures na magani. Ie, barasa a cikin tsarkin sa mai kyau shine abin sha mara komai wanda ya mamaye shi ta hanyar jiko na ganye da 'ya'yan itace.
Don kula da numfashi, ciwon makogwaro, mura, da mashako, ya zama dole a yi amfani da tincture akan eucalyptus, calendula, da Kalanchoe. Duk abubuwan sinadaran suna ɗaukar nauyin 100 g. Sosai murkushe da kuma zuba a cikin rabin lita kwalban da barasa. Bar kwana uku a wuri mai duhu. Ready jiko Mix tare da ruwan dumi a cikin rabo 1:10 da gargle ba kasa da sau 3 a rana.
Game da cuta
Game da hauhawar jini, cututtukan zuciya, da jijiyoyin jini, zaku iya amfani da tincture na fure fure (300 g), grated ja gwoza (200 g), ruwan 'ya'yan cranberry (100 g), ruwan' ya'yan lemun tsami ɗaya, zuma mai ruwa (250 g ) ethanol (250 ml.). Duk abubuwan da aka gyara sun haɗu sosai kuma sun bar don infuse na kwanaki 4-5. A shirye tincture ya kamata dauki 1 tablespoon sau 3 a rana.
Don kunkuntar kumbura jijiyoyin jiki - yi shafa da damfara na tincture na dokin kirji. Don shiryawa, ya kamata ku murkushe matsakaitan kirji 6-10 kuma rufe su da giya (500 g). Sanya hadin a tsakanin kwana 14 a wuri mai duhu. Arshen magani yana amfani da ƙungiyoyin tausa sau 3 a rana a ƙafafu tare da jijiyoyin da ake furtawa kuma a sha digo 30 sau 3 a rana. Hanyar magani tana kusan wata guda.
Kyakkyawan magani shine tincture na 'ya'yan itacen barberry. Fresh ko dried 'ya'yan itace (2 tbsp) zuba tare da barasa (100 g.) Kuma infuse shi na kwanaki 14. A shirye jiko daukan a girma na 20 zuwa 30 saukad diluted a 50 ml na ruwa sau 3 a rana. Ingancin magani ya fara bayyana bayan kwanaki 15 na shan tsarin.
Haɗarin giya da contraindications
Giya da aka yi amfani da ita a masana'antar (ethanol, methanol, isopropanol), bayyanar da inhalation na dogon lokaci na iya haifar da farajin kasala, tasirin narcotic, ko mutuwa. Yiwuwar samun wani sakamako ya dogara da shaƙar vapors, daga awanni 8 zuwa 21.
Methyl barasa don amfani na ciki yana da tasiri mai guba mafi ƙarfi, wanda ke shafar jijiyoyin jiki (juyawa, tashin hankali, kamuwa), tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini (tachycardia). Yana shafar ido da jijiyar gani, yana haifar da makancewa baki daya. Shan fiye da g 30 na wannan giya yana faruwa ga mutuwa.
Ethanol ba shi da haɗari amma kuma yana da illa da yawa a jiki. Na farko, ta hanyar mucous membranes na ciki da hanji yana shiga cikin jini cikin sauri, maida hankali ya kai matsakaici na mintuna 20-60 bayan cin abinci. Abu na biyu, sakamako mai sau biyu akan tsarin juyayi: na farko, yana haifar da tashin hankali mai ƙarfi da ɓacin rai. Don haka a cikin adadi mai yawa suna mutuwa kuma suna ƙasƙantar da ƙwayoyin sel na kwakwalwa. Abu na uku, aikin damuwa na gabobin ciki da tsarin: hanta, koda, gallbladder, pancreas, da sauransu.
