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Samuwar taurari ta kasance tana jan hankalin mutane. Ko da kasancewa a ƙananan matakin ci gaba, yin ado da fatun dabbobi da yin amfani da kayan aikin dutse, mutum ya riga ya ɗaga kansa ya bincika abubuwan ban mamaki waɗanda ke haskakawa a cikin zurfin sararin sama.
Taurari sun zama daya daga cikin tushen tatsuniyoyi na dan Adam. A cewar mutanen da, a can ne alloli suka rayu. Taurari ko da yaushe wani abu ne mai tsarki ga mutum, wanda ba zai iya isa ga ɗan adam na yau da kullun ba. Ɗayan daɗaɗɗen ilimomin ɗan adam shine ilimin taurari, wanda ya yi nazarin tasirin abubuwan da ke sama a rayuwar ɗan adam.
A yau, taurari sun kasance abin da ke jan hankalinmu, amma gaskiya ne cewa masana ilmin taurari suna ƙara nazarin su, kuma marubutan ilimin kimiyya suna ƙirƙira labaru game da lokacin da mutum zai iya isa ga taurari. Mutum na gari ya kan ɗaga kansa don ya yaba kyawawan taurarin da ke sararin sama, kamar yadda kakanninsa na nesa suka yi shekaru miliyoyi da suka wuce. Mun hada muku lissafin da ya hada da taurari mafi haske a sararin sama.
10 Yankin
A matsayi na goma a jerinmu shine Betelgeuse, masu ilimin taurari suna kiranta α Orionis. Wannan tauraro babban sirri ne ga masana ilmin taurari: har yanzu suna jayayya game da asalinsa kuma ba za su iya fahimtar yanayinsa na lokaci-lokaci ba.
Wannan tauraro na ajin jajayen kattai ne kuma girmansa ya ninka girman Rana sau 500-800. Idan za mu matsar da shi cikin tsarinmu, to, iyakokinsa za su miƙe zuwa kewayen Jupiter. A cikin shekaru 15 da suka gabata, girman wannan tauraro ya ragu da kashi 15%. Masana kimiyya har yanzu ba su fahimci dalilin wannan sabon abu ba.
Betelgeuse yana da nisa na tsawon shekaru 570 daga Rana, don haka tafiya zuwa gare ta ba shakka ba zai faru nan gaba ba.
9. Achernar ko α Eridani
Tauraro na farko a cikin wannan ƙungiyar taurari, yana matsayi na tara a jerinmu. taurari mafi haske a sararin sama na dare. Achernar yana kusa da ƙarshen ƙungiyar taurarin Eridani. Wannan tauraro an lasafta shi a matsayin ajin shudin taurari, ya fi Rana nauyi sau takwas kuma ya zarce shi da haske da sau dubu.
Achernar yana da shekaru 144 haske daga tsarin hasken rana, kuma tafiya zuwa gare ta nan gaba kadan kuma yana da wuya. Wani abin ban sha'awa na wannan tauraro shi ne, yana jujjuyawa a kusurwoyinsa da tsananin gudu.
8. Procyon ko α na Little Dog
Wannan tauraro shine na takwas Ta wurin haskensa a cikin sararinmu. An fassara sunan wannan tauraro daga Girkanci a matsayin "kafin kare." Procyon ya shiga cikin triangle na hunturu, tare da taurari Sirius da Betelgeuse.
Wannan tauraruwar tauraro ce ta binary. A cikin sararin sama, za mu iya ganin babban tauraro na biyu, tauraro na biyu karamin farin dwarf ne.
Akwai labari mai alaƙa da wannan tauraro. Ƙungiya Canis Minor tana wakiltar kare na farko mai shan inabi, Ikaria, wanda makiyaya mayaudaran suka kashe, bayan ya sha nasa ruwan inabi tukuna. Amintaccen kare ya sami kabarin mai shi.
7. Rigel ko β Oronis
Wannan tauraro shine na bakwai mafi haske a sararin samaniyarmu. Babban dalilin da ya haifar da ƙarancin matsayi a cikin martabarmu shine babban nisa tsakanin Duniya da wannan tauraro. Idan Rigel ya kasance kusa (a nesa na Sirius, alal misali), to, a cikin haskensa zai wuce sauran masu haske.
Rigel na cikin ajin shuɗi-fari supergiants. Girman wannan tauraro yana da ban sha'awa: ya fi Rana mu girma sau 74. A gaskiya ma, Rigel ba tauraro ɗaya ba ne, amma uku: ban da giant, wannan kamfani mai mahimmanci ya haɗa da wasu ƙananan taurari biyu.
Rigel yana da nisan shekaru 870 na haske daga Rana, wanda yake da yawa.
An fassara shi daga Larabci, sunan wannan tauraro yana nufin "ƙafa". Mutane sun san wannan tauraro na dogon lokaci, an haɗa shi a cikin tatsuniyar al'ummai da yawa, tun daga tsohuwar Masarawa. Sun dauki Rigel a matsayin zama na Osiris, daya daga cikin manyan alloli a cikin pantheon.
6. Chapel ko α Aurigae
Daya daga mafi kyawun taurari a sararin samaniyarmu. Wannan tauraro biyu ne, wanda a zamanin da ya kasance ƙungiyar taurari mai zaman kanta kuma yana nuna alamar akuya tare da yara. Capella tauraro biyu ne wanda ya ƙunshi kattai biyu masu rawaya waɗanda ke kewaye da cibiyar gama gari. Kowannen wadannan taurarin sun fi Rana nauyi sau 2,5 kuma suna nan a nisan shekaru 42 na haske daga tsarin duniyarmu. Waɗannan taurari sun fi hasken rana mu yawa.
Wani tsohuwar almara na Girka yana hade da Chapel, bisa ga abin da Zeus ya ciyar da goat Amalthea. Wata rana, Zeus cikin sakaci ya karya kahon dabbar, don haka cornucopia ya bayyana a duniya.
5. Vega ko α Lyra
Daya daga mafi kyawu da taurari a sararin samaniyar mu. Yana nan a nisan shekarun haske 25 daga Rana tamu (wanda ke da ɗan ƙaramin tazara). Vega na cikin ƙungiyar taurarin Lyra ne, girman wannan tauraro ya kusan sau uku girman Rana.
Wannan tauraro yana jujjuyawa a kusurwoyinsa cikin saurin karyewar wuya.
Ana iya kiran Vega ɗaya daga cikin taurarin da aka fi nazari. An samo shi a ɗan gajeren nesa kuma ya dace sosai don bincike.
Yawancin tatsuniyoyi na mutane daban-daban na duniyarmu suna da alaƙa da wannan tauraro. A cikin latitudes, Vega shine daya daga cikin taurari masu haske a sararin sama kuma na biyu kawai ga Sirius da Arcturus.
4. Arcturus ko α Bootes
Daya daga mafi kyawu da taurari a sararin samawanda za'a iya lura dashi a ko'ina cikin duniya. Dalilan wannan haske shine girman girman tauraro da kuma ‘yar nisa daga gareshi zuwa duniyarmu.
Arcturus na ajin jajayen kattai ne kuma yana da girman girma. Nisa daga tsarin hasken rana zuwa wannan tauraro shine "kawai" shekarun haske 36,7. Ya fi tauraruwarmu girma sau 25. A lokaci guda, hasken Arcturus ya fi Rana sau 110.
Wannan tauraro yana da sunanta ga ƙungiyar taurarin Ursa Major. Fassara daga Girkanci, sunansa yana nufin "majibincin bear." Arcturus yana da sauƙin gaske a cikin sararin taurari, kawai kuna buƙatar zana baka na tunanin ta hannun guga na Big Dipper.
3. Toliman ko α Centauri
A wuri na biyu a jerinmu akwai tauraro mai sau uku, wanda ke cikin ƙungiyar taurarin Centaurus. Wannan tsarin taurari ya ƙunshi taurari uku: biyu daga cikinsu suna kusa da girman Rana da tauraro na uku, wanda shi ne jajayen dwarf mai suna Proxima Centauri.
Masana ilmin taurari suna kiran tauraro biyu da muke iya gani da ido tsirara Toliban. Waɗannan taurari suna kusa da tsarin duniyarmu, don haka suna kama da haske sosai a gare mu. Haƙiƙa, haskensu da girmansu suna da ƙanƙanta. Nisa daga Rana zuwa waɗannan taurari shekaru 4,36 ne kawai. Bisa ga ma'aunin astronomical, yana kusan nan. Proxima Centauri an gano shi ne kawai a cikin 1915, yana nuna hali da ban mamaki, haskensa yana canzawa lokaci-lokaci.
2. Canopus ko α Carinae
wannan shi ne tauraro na biyu mafi haske a sararin samaniyar mu. Amma, da rashin alheri, ba za mu iya ganinsa ba, saboda Canopus yana iya gani ne kawai a kudancin kudancin duniyarmu. A cikin arewacin yankin, ana iya gani kawai a cikin latitudes na wurare masu zafi.
Wannan ita ce tauraro mafi haskawa a yankin kudu, bugu da kari kuma, yana taka rawa iri daya da tauraruwar Arewa a yankin arewa.
Canopus babban tauraro ne, wanda ya fi hasken mu girma sau takwas. Wannan tauraro yana cikin ajin supergiants, kuma yana matsayi na biyu a fannin haske kawai saboda nisan da yake dashi yana da girma sosai. Nisa daga Rana zuwa Canopus kusan shekarun haske 319 ne. Canopus shine tauraro mafi haske a cikin radius na shekaru haske 700.
Babu yarjejeniya kan asalin sunan tauraro. Mafi mahimmanci, ya sami suna don girmamawa ga helmsman wanda ke cikin jirgin Menelaus (wannan hali ne a cikin almara na Girkanci game da Trojan War).
1. Sirius ko α Canis Major
Tauraro mafi haske a sararin samaniyarmu, wanda ke cikin ƙungiyar taurari Canis Major. Ana iya kiran wannan tauraro mafi mahimmanci ga ƴan duniya, ba shakka, bayan Rana tamu. Tun zamanin d ¯ a, mutane sun kasance suna girmama wannan haske sosai da kuma girmama shi. Akwai tatsuniyoyi da tatsuniyoyi masu yawa game da shi. Masarawa na d ¯ a sun sanya gumakansu a kan Sirius. Ana iya ganin wannan tauraro daga ko'ina a saman duniya.
Tsohuwar Sumerian sun kalli Sirius kuma sun yi imani cewa a cikinsa ne alloli waɗanda suka halicci rayuwa a duniyarmu suke. Masarawa sun kalli wannan tauraro a hankali, yana da alaƙa da addininsu na Osiris da Isis. Bugu da kari, a cewar Sirius, sun kayyade lokacin da ruwan kogin Nilu zai yi, wanda ke da muhimmanci ga aikin noma.
Idan muka yi magana game da Sirius daga ra'ayi na astronomy, ya kamata a lura cewa wannan shi ne wani biyu star, wanda ya ƙunshi wani bakan A1 star da fari dwarf (Sirius B). Ba za ka iya ganin tauraro na biyu da ido tsirara ba. Duk taurarin biyu suna tafe ne a kusa da cibiya ɗaya da tsawon shekaru 50. Sirius A ya kai girman Rana ta mu kusan sau biyu.
Sirius yana da shekaru 8,6 haske daga gare mu.
Tsohon Helenawa sun yi imanin cewa Sirius shine kare na tauraron maharbi Orion, wanda ya bi ganimarsa. Akwai kabilar Dogon ta Afirka da ke bautar Sirius. Amma wannan ba abin mamaki bane. 'Yan Afirka, waɗanda ba su san rubuce-rubuce ba, suna da bayanai game da wanzuwar Sirius B, wanda aka gano kawai a tsakiyar karni na XNUMX tare da taimakon ingantattun na'urorin hangen nesa. Kalandar Dogon ta dogara ne akan lokutan jujjuyawar Sirius B a kusa da Sirius A. Kuma an harhada shi daidai. Yadda wata ƙabilar Afirka ta farko ta sami duk waɗannan bayanan asiri ne.